【经济学人】双语：为什么女人不使用人工智能？

原文标题：
The new gender gap
Why don’t women use artificial intelligence?
Even when in the same jobs, men are much more likely to turn to the tech
新的性别差异
为什么女人不使用人工智能？
即使在相同的工作岗位上，男性也更有可能求助于AI技术

[Paragraph 1]
BE MORE PRODUCTIVE. That is how ChatGPT, a generative-artificial-intelligence tool from OpenAI, sells itself to workers.
「让工作更高效」，这是OpenAI的生成式人工智能工具ChatGPT向职场人士宣传的卖点。

But despite industry hopes that the technology will boost productivity across the workforce, not everyone is on board .
但是，尽管业界期望AI技术能够提高整个劳动力市场的生产效率，但并非所有人都认同这一点。

According
to two recent studies, women use ChatGPT between 16 and 20 percentage
points less than their male peers, even when they are employed in the
same jobs or read the same subject.
根据最近的两项研究，即便是在从事相同工作或学习相同主题的情况下，女性使用ChatGPT的比例也比男性同行低16-20个百分点。

[Paragraph 2]
The first study, published as a working paper in June, explores ChatGPT at work.
第一份相关的研究报告 发布于6月，以工作文件的形式探讨了ChatGPT在工作场景中的应用。

Anders
Humlum of the University of Chicago and Emilie Vestergaard of the
University of Copenhagen surveyed 100,000 Danes across 11 professions in
which the technology could save workers time, including journalism,
software-developing and teaching.
芝加哥大学的安德斯·胡姆伦和哥本哈根大学的埃米莉·维斯特加德对丹麦11个行业的10万名从业者进行了调查，这些行业包括新闻、软件开发和教学等，AI技术都有可能为这些从业人员节省时间。

The researchers asked respondents how often they turned to ChatGPT and what might keep them from adopting it.
研究人员询问了受访者使用ChatGPT的频率，以及可能阻碍他们采用ChatGPT的因素。

By exploiting Denmark’s extensive, hooked-up record-keeping, they were able to connect the answers with personal information, including income, wealth and education level.
他们利用丹麦详尽的联网记录系统，将受访者的回答与他们的个人信息（如收入、财富和教育程度）进行了关联分析。

[Paragraph 3]

Across all professions, women were less likely to use ChatGPT than men who worked in the same industry (see chart 1).

在所有行业中，与从事同一行业的男性相比，女性使用ChatGPT的可能性更低（见图表1）。

For example, only a third of female teachers used it for work, compared with half of male teachers.

例如，只有1/3的女教师会在工作中使用ChatGPT，而男教师则有1/2使用。

Among software developers, almost two-thirds of men used it while less than half of women did.

在软件开发领域，近2/3的男性使用ChatGPT，而女性则不到1/2。

The
gap shrank only slightly, to 16 percentage points, when directly
comparing people in the same firms working on similar tasks.

当直接比较在同一家公司从事相似工作的员工时，这一差距仅略微缩小至16个百分点。

As
such, the study concludes that a lack of female confidence may be in
part to blame: women who did not use AI were more likely than men to
highlight that they needed training to use the technology.
因此，这项研究得出结论，女性缺乏自信可能是造成这种差异的原因之一：与男性相比，不使用AI技术的女性更可能认为她们需要接受培训才能掌握这项技术。

[Paragraph 4]

Another
potential explanation for the gender imbalance comes from a survey of
486 students by Daniel Carvajal at Aalto University and Catalina Franco
and Siri Isaksson at the Norwegian School of Economics (NHH).

阿尔托大学的丹尼尔·卡瓦哈尔以及挪威经济学院（NHH）的卡塔利娜·弗兰科和西丽·伊萨克森对486名学生进行了另一项调查，也揭示了性别差异的潜在原因。

It
also found a gender gap: female students enrolled in the NHH’s only
undergraduate programme were 18 percentage points less likely to use
ChatGPT often.

这项调查同样发现了性别差异：NHH唯一本科课程中的女生经常使用ChatGPT的可能性比男生低18个百分点。

When
the researchers separated students by admission grades, it became clear
that the gap reflected the behaviour of mid- and high-performing women
(see chart 2).

当研究人员按照入学成绩将学生分组时，差距变得更加明显，这反映了中等成绩和好成绩女生的行为（见图表2）。

Low performers were almost as likely as men to use the technology.
成绩较差的女生使用AI技术的可能性则与男生相近。

[Paragraph 5]
Why might this be? The researchers probed what was going on with some clever follow-up questions.
为什么会这样？研究人员通过一些巧妙的后续问题探究了背后的原因。

They
asked students whether they would use ChatGPT if their professor
forbade it, and received a similar distribution of answers.
他们询问学生，如果教授禁止使用ChatGPT，他们是否还会使用，得到的回答分布相似。

However, in the context of explicit approval, everyone, including the better-performing women, reported that they would make use of the technology.
然而，在明确允许使用ChatGPT的情况下，所有人都表示他们会使用这项技术，也包括成绩好的女生。

In other words, the high-achieving women appeared to impose a ban on themselves.
换句话说，成绩好的女生似乎是在自我设限。

「It’s
the ‘good girl’ thing,」 reckons Ms Isaksson. 「It’s this idea that ‘I
have to go through this pain, I have to do it on my own and I shouldn’t
cheat and take short-cuts’.」
伊萨克森女士分析道：「这是‘乖乖女’的心态在作祟，她们认为‘我必须经历这种痛苦，我必须自己完成，我不应该作弊和走捷径’。」

[Paragraph 6]
A lack of experience with AI could carry a cost when students enter the labour market.
当学生进入劳动力市场时，缺乏AI经验可能会付出代价。

In
August the researchers added a survey of 1,143 hiring managers to their
study, revealing that managers value high-performing women with AI
expertise 8% more than those without.
今年8月，研究人员在研究中又增加了一项对1143名招聘经理的调查，结果显示，这些经理对具备AI专长又成绩好的女生的评价比对没有AI专长的女生高出8%。

This
sort of premium does not exist for men, suggesting that there are
rewards for women who are willing to relax their self-imposed ban.
这种溢价在男性中并不存在，这表明那些愿意放宽自我限制的女性将会得到相应的回报。

[Paragraph 7]
Tera Allas of McKinsey, a consultancy, worries that by the time AI is firmly embedded
into modern working life, it might be designed to appeal more to men,
who are its main users—potentially shutting women out in the long term.
麦肯锡咨询公司的特拉·阿拉斯担心，等到人工智能深深融入现代职场生活时，它可能会为了迎合其主要用户——男性而设计，长期来看这可能会将女性拒之门外。

But
not everyone is as concerned. Despite the fact that the early internet
was dominated by men, for example, young American women were more online
than their male counterparts by 2005.
然而，并非所有人都如此担忧。例如，尽管早期互联网以男性为主，但到了2005年，美国年轻女性的上网时间就已经超过了同龄男性。

On top of this,
Danielle Li of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology notes that the
studies do not actually show whether men’s current ChatGPT use
translates into better or more productive work.
此外，麻省理工学院的丹尼尔·李指出，这些研究并没有真正表明男性目前使用ChatGPT是否意味着更好或更高效的工作。

At
the moment, the technology may be more of a digital toy, she says.
Perhaps, then, high-achieving women are simply better at avoiding
distraction.
她说，目前这项技术可能更像是一种数字玩具。也许，成绩好的女生只是更善于避免分心。

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原文出自：2024年8月24日【TE】Finance & economics版块

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