故弄玄虛？Normal明明是普通的意思，為何轉譯成正態啊?

2024-04-25教育

1 英語願意

正態分布 Normal distribution

2 英文解釋

2.1 Normal Distribution Noun [ C Or U ] MATHEMATICS Specialized

an arrangement of data in which most values are near the centre of the range and gradually become fewer towards each end, shown in a graph as the shape of a bell.

正態分布

例句：

The resulting variable has a nearly normal distribution.

Normal distributions consistently occur only when they involve random events and a large sample.
正態分布只有在涉及隨機事件和大樣本時才會持續出現。

2.2 Normal Adjective

ordinary or usual; the same as would be expected

普通的；平常的；通常的

例句：

a normal working day
正常工作日

Lively behaviour is normal for a four-year-old child.
4歲的孩子好動是正常的。

It's normal for couples to argue now and then.
夫妻之間偶爾發生口角是很平常的。

They were selling the goods at half the normal cost.
他們正半價銷售那些商品。

The temperature was above/below normal for the time of year.
氣溫高於／低於往年同期的正常值。

Things are back to normal now that we've paid off all our debts.
我們償還了所有債務，一切又恢復了正常。

2.3 What Is Normal Distribution?

Data can be "distributed" (spread out) in different ways.

But there are many cases where the data tends to be around a central value with no bias left or right, and it gets close to a "Normal Distribution" like this:

The blue curve is a Normal Distribution. The yellow histogram shows some data that follows it closely, but not perfectly (which is usual).

It is often called a "Bell Curve" because it looks like a bell.

3 中文解釋

正態分布（Normal distribution），也稱「常態分布」，又名高斯分布（Gaussian distribution），最早由棣美弗（Abraham de Moivre）在求二項分布的漸近公式中得到。C.F.高斯在研究測量誤差時從另一個角度匯出了它。P.S.拉普拉斯和高斯研究了它的性質。是一個在數學、物理及工程等領域都非常重要的機率分布，在統計學的許多方面有著重大的影響力。

正態曲線呈鐘型，兩頭低，中間高，左右對稱因其曲線呈鐘形，因此人們又經常稱之為鐘形曲線。

若隨機變量X服從一個數學期望為μ、變異數為σ²的正態分布，記為N(μ，σ²)。其機率密度函式為正態分布的期望值μ決定了其位置，其標準差σ決定了分布的振幅。當μ = 0,σ = 1時的正態分布是標準正態分布。

4 感想體會

Normal distribution，其實就是普通的、平常的、通常的意思，不知道為什麽要轉譯成正態，讓人不知所以。

正態分布非常常見，比如身高，絕大多數人的身高在180cm左右，160cm以下、200cmm以上的都很少。