中考完形填空的文章以380-440詞左右的記敘文為主。文章的話題大多貼近中學生的生活並且大部份文章會講述一個小故事，故事的主人公遇到或是做了一件事情，故事的行程中主人公有一系列的情感變化，但故事在結束時會傳遞出一種正能量。如2016北京中考完形填空，講述了主人公Molly給媽媽準備聖誕驚喜的故事，透過載體「gloves」傳遞出「子女要學會向自己的父母表達愛(love)」的這種理念。因此建議讀者在做題時需要將自己帶入故事的情景中，以主人公的視角體會故事情節變化中情感的變化，把握文章想要傳達的含義，進而選擇貼近文章主旨的選項。
完形填空題的第一句通常不設空，給讀者提供一定的語言背景。中考完形填空題主要考查學生以下三個方面的知識和技能：一、對文章的整體理解，上下文段落的銜接，邏輯思維與判斷能力。二、對詞匯和慣用法等語言基礎知識的考查，多以實詞為主，虛詞為輔。根據對近幾年中考完形填空題的分析，各種詞類的考查比例由多到少，順序如下：動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、連詞和代詞等。三、對生活中常見的事實進行推理和判斷的能力。
完形填空解題方法指導
解答完形填空的總原則是「先完意，後完形」，即先理解文章的主旨大意和作者要傳遞的理念，再進行選擇填空。
一、完形填空解題步驟
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第一步 |
通讀全文，把握脈絡 |
跳過空格，速讀全文，把握大意。註意文中的 語篇關鍵詞 ，和句中的 連詞 ，如but出現後就說明句子強調的重點是but後面的內容；再如代詞it指代的定是前文的單數或者不可數名詞。找到關鍵詞可以幫助我們掌握文章的大概意思及其想要傳達的寓意。如2016北京中考完形填空的關鍵詞是：Molly; mum; Christmas; surprise; gloves。 |
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第二步 |
瞻前顧後，上下求索 |
聯系上下文，運用解題策略從句子、段落、語篇層面解題，抓住文章中的 上下文線索詞 。如2016北京中考完形填空的最主要的線索詞就是gloves。 |
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第三步 |
再讀文章，核查答案 |
代入答案，再讀全文，反復檢查，爭取做到： 結構正確+語意通順+邏輯合理 。 |
二、完形填空解題策略
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方法 |
方法一：詞匯復現法 |
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解釋 |
「詞匯復現」 是指某一詞匯以 原詞 、 詞形變化 (如protect和protection) 、 同義詞/近義詞 (如road和trail) 、 反義詞 (如wrong和 correct) 、 上下義詞 (上義詞是總稱詞，下義詞是被包含的個體或種類。 如adult是my father的上義詞；coat是clothes的下義詞) 等 重復出現 在語篇之中。 |
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例題 |
He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his ___________, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness 【分析：透過上文「He is very kind and friendly to others」，由「 kind 」可知因為他的「善良友好」他很受歡迎。故選D。】 |
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牛刀小試 |
[1]…She opened 「Mum’s Wish Book」 and hoped that she could find these 32 in it. Tears ran down her face when she saw the gloves in the catalog…【2016北京中考】 32. A. flowers B. sunglasses C. gloves D. chocolates [2]…「Yes, It’s a Christmas gift for Mum, but please don’t tell her. It’s our 35 , OK?」 … …As Molly walked back home, she decided to tell Dad her secret…【2016北京中考】 35. A. secret B. choice C. dream D. task [3] To be chosen, we had to turn in an example of our __32__. I wrote an article about the joys of summer, and showed it to my father,…【2016東城一模】 32.A. report B. writing C. homework D. newspaper [4] …they were always very generous（慷慨的）when it came to giving us 31 .In fact, they didn't just give presents to us children. 【2016東城二模】 31. A. wishes B. lessons C. presents D. greetings [5]…when I had my class write something about themselves, he just sat there. So I took him outside to see what was wrong. 「You can 31 about something else; anything you want, 」I offered…【2016西城一模】 31. A. talk B. read C. write D. hear [6] The fourth day started with me finding a ______ (39) on the sidewalk, I’d always thought of finding money as a good sign. 【2016西城二模】 39. A. card B. coin C. phone D. book [7] Every university that he applied to (申請) accepted him. When the autumn came, Justin had his __40__ in colleges. He decided to go to the sunniest university in Hawaii, and nobody could say that Justin made a bad choice. 【2016海澱一模】 40. A. fact B. choice C. record D. event [8]Tina had two exams that day. Physics was first and she hated physics, it was her worst 31 . Her friend Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam. 【2016海澱二模】 31. A. month B. subject C. market D. name [9] Tears (眼淚) ran down his face as he held the book close to him and went back to his seat. I stayed with the class for the rest of the day. Ronny never let go of the 36 , not once. It never left his hands. 【2016朝陽一模】 36. A. hand B. class C. book D. chair [10]「Anything could have gone wrong at that point, so I stayed there through the night to make sure everything was done 33 , 」 Michael said. 【2016朝陽二模】 33. A. fast B. right C. warmly D. slowly 參考答案：CABCC BBBCB |
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方法 |
方法二：上下文推理法 |
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解釋 |
「 上下文推理法 」是指根據對 上下文的語意和整個語篇 的理解，進行適當的推理判斷，因此需重點註意挖空處的上下文語境，判斷清楚所要表達的含義。 |
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例題 |
例：When we talked, I discovered（發現）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little __17__ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class. 17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later 【分析：透過上文「each class lasts fifty minutes in the US」和下文「We usually have forty minutes in each class.」可知美國每節課是50分鐘，中國每節課是40分鐘，根據上下文可以推斷出美國的課時比中國的長，故選B。】 |
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牛刀小試 |
[1] Coming home from school every day, Molly peeked at (偷看) Dad when Mum wasn’t 37 , but every time he shook his head. 【2016北京中考】 37. A. working B. looking C. smiling D. talking [2] I didn’t write a lot but working on the paper sounded like fun. I __31__the idea of being a reporter, interviewing my friends…【2016東城一模】 31. A. gave B. shared C. liked D. welcomed [3] No surprise—his version(版本)was ___34___ . He had a gift for language. 【2016東城一模】 34.A. different B. common C. popular D. wonderful [4] when we got to the end of the present giving, I was very 33 . My last present was not the bike I had hoped for. 【2016東城二模】 33. A. upset B. afraid C. nervous D. serious [5] Vincent was difficult and 32 . He acted out. He threw things. He refused to work, to be quiet, to sit down. 【2016西城一模】 32. A. angry B. lazy C. careless D. disappointed [6] Suddenly, a big boy __33__ Justin. Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg. 【2016海澱一模】 33. A. saw B. met C. pushed D. followed [7]「 Let me see your progress report.」 Justin was __37__. His grades had really fallen since he broke his leg. 【2016海澱一模】 37. A. moved B. embarrassed C. interested D. pleased [8]…my family is having a 38 time. My dad had a heart attack and he’s in hospital. 【2016海澱二模】 38. A. terrible B. simple C. boring D. comfortable [9]I held an awards ceremony(頒獎典禮). I __35 __ Ronny with a book — one of those Little Golden Books that only cost $5. 【2016朝陽一模】 35. A. covered B. shared C. presented D. compared [10]As he tried to open the door, he realized it was 37 . He was trapped(陷入困境)in his car… 【2016朝陽二模】 37. A. open B. shut C. safe D. cold 參考答案：BCDAA CBACB |
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方法 |
方法三：邏輯推理法 |
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解釋 |
「 邏輯推理法 」是根據文章的邏輯關系（如因果、並列、讓步、轉折、時間順序、目的、條件、選擇等）進行適當的推理判斷，因此需特別註意 挖空處 表示 邏輯關系的連詞 （如 and表並列，but和however表轉折，because、for、 so等表因果，first of all、then和finally等表順序 等）。 |
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例題 |
例1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he can’t sing 6 . 6. A. badly B. easily C. well D. excitedly 【分析：透過上文「My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera」和連詞 「 but 」，可以推斷出前後存在轉折關系，此處想要表達的含義是「喜歡但唱得不好」，故選C。】 |
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牛刀小試 |
[1]Mum wouldn’t buy them for herself, because the family had a 33 time on the farm. 【2016北京中考】 33. A. hard B. lonely C. short D. busy [2]On Christmas Eve, Dad came back from mailbox, still empty handed. Molly felt 38 when she went to bed, because she didn’t have the gloves for Mum. 【2016北京中考】 38. A. sad B. strange C. angry D. tired [3]…And as a result, he rewrote the whole piece—without me, for I never said anything to __33___ him… 【2016東城一模】 33.A. help B. stop C. allow D. praise [4]For years after that, at the end of all the present giving, my father would ask me what I had to say to everyone. It had become a family joke. I would always say, 「Is that all?」 But what I really 40 was 「Thanks so much.」And everyone knew that. 【2016東城二模】 40. A. heard B. meant C. answered D. expected [5]If I knew she had found a better home, I would be ______ (33) yet relieved (放心的). 【2016西城二模】 33. A. mad B. worried C. sad D. moved [6]Just then, Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers. Oh no, Tina hadn’t 33 it and she was going to fail again! 【2016海澱二模】 33. A. finished B. forgotten C. collected D. built [7]He thought I was cheating. But he 40 and understands me now. 【2016海澱二模】 40. A. refuses B. believes C. criticizes D. praises [8]He had a speech problem so he couldn’t __31 __ like other kids in his grade. 【2016朝陽一模】 31. A. read B. copy C. write D. listen 參考答案：AABBC ABA |
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方法 |
方法四：文化背景常識法 |
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解釋 |
「文化背景常識法」 是指完形填空的文章內容往往與我們的文化生活、史地知識、生活科技等相關，有些內容是我們 已經掌握的生活常識 ，答題時要充分調動相關知識幫助我們分析、推斷。事實上，該技巧與「邏輯推斷」常常交織在一起的，因為雖有背景常識，仍需 簡單推理 。需註意 中外文化的差異性 ，不能總是用中國人看問題的角度來看待其它國家發生的事情。 |
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例題 |
例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (柯吉拉) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger 2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest 【分析：第1題，眾所周知：大象是陸地上最大的動物，故選A. biggest。 第2題，眾所周知：柯吉拉生活在大海裏，故選C. sea。】 |
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牛刀小試 |
[1]As Molly walked back home, she decided to tell Dad her secret. 「You’ve got to check the mailbox every day,」 said Molly 36 to Dad. He nodded, with a big smile…【2016北京中考】 36. A. patiently B. doubtfully C. proudly D. quietly [2]Without thinking, Tina looked up and nodded to Mr. Reed. Lily was looking at her phone and didn’t hear Mr. Reed as he walked 37 up to her table. 【2016海澱二模】 37. A. lazily B. weakly C. silently D. patiently [3]After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California. He became a 3l at Mission Community Hospital. 【2016朝陽二模】 31.A. teacher B. driver C. doctor D. worker 參考答案：DCC |
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方法 |
方法五：固定搭配法 |
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解釋 |
完形填空以語境考查為主，但也有小部份題目考查語法知識、固定搭配和固定句型，解題過程中我們需要結合所學固定搭配選出正確答案。 |
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例題 |
例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking … 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to 【分析：考查固定短語「pay attention to註意」，故選D。】 例2： … but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took 【分析：考查固定短語「take photos拍照」，故選D。】 |
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牛刀小試 |
[1]Before Christmas dinner, as Mum took the apple pies out of the oven, Molly began 39 the table. 【2016北京中考】 39. A. pushing B. changing C. setting D. booking [2]It was something I ______ (38) because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf… 【2016西城二模】 38. A. looked up B. built up C. set up D. made up [3]When Chris finished primary school, the two lost 35 . What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later. 【2016朝陽二模】 35. A. hope B. touch C. trust D. message 參考答案：CDB |
