中考完形填空的文章以380-440词左右的记叙文为主。文章的话题大多贴近中学生的生活并且大部分文章会讲述一个小故事，故事的主人公遇到或是做了一件事情，故事的进程中主人公有一系列的情感变化，但故事在结束时会传递出一种正能量。如2016北京中考完形填空，讲述了主人公Molly给妈妈准备圣诞惊喜的故事，通过载体「gloves」传递出「子女要学会向自己的父母表达爱(love)」的这种理念。因此建议读者在做题时需要将自己带入故事的情景中，以主人公的视角体会故事情节变化中情感的变化，把握文章想要传达的含义，进而选择贴近文章主旨的选项。
完形填空题的第一句通常不设空，给读者提供一定的语言背景。中考完形填空题主要考查学生以下三个方面的知识和技能：一、对文章的整体理解，上下文段落的衔接，逻辑思维与判断能力。二、对词汇和惯用法等语言基础知识的考查，多以实词为主，虚词为辅。根据对近几年中考完形填空题的分析，各种词类的考查比例由多到少，顺序如下：动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词和代词等。三、对生活中常见的事实进行推理和判断的能力。
完形填空解题方法指导
解答完形填空的总原则是「先完意，后完形」，即先理解文章的主旨大意和作者要传递的理念，再进行选择填空。
一、完形填空解题步骤
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第一步 |
通读全文，把握脉络 |
跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意。注意文中的 语篇关键词 ，和句中的 连词 ，如but出现后就说明句子强调的重点是but后面的内容；再如代词it指代的定是前文的单数或者不可数名词。找到关键词可以帮助我们掌握文章的大概意思及其想要传达的寓意。如2016北京中考完形填空的关键词是：Molly; mum; Christmas; surprise; gloves。 |
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第二步 |
瞻前顾后，上下求索 |
联系上下文，运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解题，抓住文章中的 上下文线索词 。如2016北京中考完形填空的最主要的线索词就是gloves。 |
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第三步 |
再读文章，核查答案 |
代入答案，再读全文，反复检查，争取做到： 结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理 。 |
二、完形填空解题策略
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方法 |
方法一：词汇复现法 |
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解释 |
「词汇复现」 是指某一词汇以 原词 、 词形变化 (如protect和protection) 、 同义词/近义词 (如road和trail) 、 反义词 (如wrong和 correct) 、 上下义词 (上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。 如adult是my father的上义词；coat是clothes的下义词) 等 重复出现 在语篇之中。 |
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例题 |
He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his ___________, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness 【分析：通过上文「He is very kind and friendly to others」，由「 kind 」可知因为他的「善良友好」他很受欢迎。故选D。】 |
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牛刀小试 |
[1]…She opened 「Mum’s Wish Book」 and hoped that she could find these 32 in it. Tears ran down her face when she saw the gloves in the catalog…【2016北京中考】 32. A. flowers B. sunglasses C. gloves D. chocolates [2]…「Yes, It’s a Christmas gift for Mum, but please don’t tell her. It’s our 35 , OK?」 … …As Molly walked back home, she decided to tell Dad her secret…【2016北京中考】 35. A. secret B. choice C. dream D. task [3] To be chosen, we had to turn in an example of our __32__. I wrote an article about the joys of summer, and showed it to my father,…【2016东城一模】 32.A. report B. writing C. homework D. newspaper [4] …they were always very generous（慷慨的）when it came to giving us 31 .In fact, they didn't just give presents to us children. 【2016东城二模】 31. A. wishes B. lessons C. presents D. greetings [5]…when I had my class write something about themselves, he just sat there. So I took him outside to see what was wrong. 「You can 31 about something else; anything you want, 」I offered…【2016西城一模】 31. A. talk B. read C. write D. hear [6] The fourth day started with me finding a ______ (39) on the sidewalk, I’d always thought of finding money as a good sign. 【2016西城二模】 39. A. card B. coin C. phone D. book [7] Every university that he applied to (申请) accepted him. When the autumn came, Justin had his __40__ in colleges. He decided to go to the sunniest university in Hawaii, and nobody could say that Justin made a bad choice. 【2016海淀一模】 40. A. fact B. choice C. record D. event [8]Tina had two exams that day. Physics was first and she hated physics, it was her worst 31 . Her friend Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam. 【2016海淀二模】 31. A. month B. subject C. market D. name [9] Tears (眼泪) ran down his face as he held the book close to him and went back to his seat. I stayed with the class for the rest of the day. Ronny never let go of the 36 , not once. It never left his hands. 【2016朝阳一模】 36. A. hand B. class C. book D. chair [10]「Anything could have gone wrong at that point, so I stayed there through the night to make sure everything was done 33 , 」 Michael said. 【2016朝阳二模】 33. A. fast B. right C. warmly D. slowly 参考答案：CABCC BBBCB |
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方法 |
方法二：上下文推理法 |
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解释 |
「 上下文推理法 」是指根据对 上下文的语义和整个语篇 的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。 |
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例题 |
例：When we talked, I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little __17__ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class. 17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later 【分析：通过上文「each class lasts fifty minutes in the US」和下文「We usually have forty minutes in each class.」可知美国每节课是50分钟，中国每节课是40分钟，根据上下文可以推断出美国的课时比中国的长，故选B。】 |
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牛刀小试 |
[1] Coming home from school every day, Molly peeked at (偷看) Dad when Mum wasn’t 37 , but every time he shook his head. 【2016北京中考】 37. A. working B. looking C. smiling D. talking [2] I didn’t write a lot but working on the paper sounded like fun. I __31__the idea of being a reporter, interviewing my friends…【2016东城一模】 31. A. gave B. shared C. liked D. welcomed [3] No surprise—his version(版本)was ___34___ . He had a gift for language. 【2016东城一模】 34.A. different B. common C. popular D. wonderful [4] when we got to the end of the present giving, I was very 33 . My last present was not the bike I had hoped for. 【2016东城二模】 33. A. upset B. afraid C. nervous D. serious [5] Vincent was difficult and 32 . He acted out. He threw things. He refused to work, to be quiet, to sit down. 【2016西城一模】 32. A. angry B. lazy C. careless D. disappointed [6] Suddenly, a big boy __33__ Justin. Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg. 【2016海淀一模】 33. A. saw B. met C. pushed D. followed [7]「 Let me see your progress report.」 Justin was __37__. His grades had really fallen since he broke his leg. 【2016海淀一模】 37. A. moved B. embarrassed C. interested D. pleased [8]…my family is having a 38 time. My dad had a heart attack and he’s in hospital. 【2016海淀二模】 38. A. terrible B. simple C. boring D. comfortable [9]I held an awards ceremony(颁奖典礼). I __35 __ Ronny with a book — one of those Little Golden Books that only cost $5. 【2016朝阳一模】 35. A. covered B. shared C. presented D. compared [10]As he tried to open the door, he realized it was 37 . He was trapped(陷入困境)in his car… 【2016朝阳二模】 37. A. open B. shut C. safe D. cold 参考答案：BCDAA CBACB |
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方法 |
方法三：逻辑推理法 |
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解释 |
「 逻辑推理法 」是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意 挖空处 表示 逻辑关系的连词 （如 and表并列，but和however表转折，because、for、 so等表因果，first of all、then和finally等表顺序 等）。 |
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例题 |
例1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he can’t sing 6 . 6. A. badly B. easily C. well D. excitedly 【分析：通过上文「My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera」和连词 「 but 」，可以推断出前后存在转折关系，此处想要表达的含义是「喜欢但唱得不好」，故选C。】 |
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牛刀小试 |
[1]Mum wouldn’t buy them for herself, because the family had a 33 time on the farm. 【2016北京中考】 33. A. hard B. lonely C. short D. busy [2]On Christmas Eve, Dad came back from mailbox, still empty handed. Molly felt 38 when she went to bed, because she didn’t have the gloves for Mum. 【2016北京中考】 38. A. sad B. strange C. angry D. tired [3]…And as a result, he rewrote the whole piece—without me, for I never said anything to __33___ him… 【2016东城一模】 33.A. help B. stop C. allow D. praise [4]For years after that, at the end of all the present giving, my father would ask me what I had to say to everyone. It had become a family joke. I would always say, 「Is that all?」 But what I really 40 was 「Thanks so much.」And everyone knew that. 【2016东城二模】 40. A. heard B. meant C. answered D. expected [5]If I knew she had found a better home, I would be ______ (33) yet relieved (放心的). 【2016西城二模】 33. A. mad B. worried C. sad D. moved [6]Just then, Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers. Oh no, Tina hadn’t 33 it and she was going to fail again! 【2016海淀二模】 33. A. finished B. forgotten C. collected D. built [7]He thought I was cheating. But he 40 and understands me now. 【2016海淀二模】 40. A. refuses B. believes C. criticizes D. praises [8]He had a speech problem so he couldn’t __31 __ like other kids in his grade. 【2016朝阳一模】 31. A. read B. copy C. write D. listen 参考答案：AABBC ABA |
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方法 |
方法四：文化背景常识法 |
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解释 |
「文化背景常识法」 是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们 已经掌握的生活常识 ，答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断。事实上，该技巧与「逻辑推断」常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需 简单推理 。需注意 中外文化的差异性 ，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。 |
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例题 |
例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鲸鱼) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger 2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest 【分析：第1题，众所周知：大象是陆地上最大的动物，故选A. biggest。 第2题，众所周知：鲸鱼生活在大海里，故选C. sea。】 |
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牛刀小试 |
[1]As Molly walked back home, she decided to tell Dad her secret. 「You’ve got to check the mailbox every day,」 said Molly 36 to Dad. He nodded, with a big smile…【2016北京中考】 36. A. patiently B. doubtfully C. proudly D. quietly [2]Without thinking, Tina looked up and nodded to Mr. Reed. Lily was looking at her phone and didn’t hear Mr. Reed as he walked 37 up to her table. 【2016海淀二模】 37. A. lazily B. weakly C. silently D. patiently [3]After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California. He became a 3l at Mission Community Hospital. 【2016朝阳二模】 31.A. teacher B. driver C. doctor D. worker 参考答案：DCC |
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方法 |
方法五：固定搭配法 |
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解释 |
完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。 |
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例题 |
例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking … 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to 【分析：考查固定短语「pay attention to注意」，故选D。】 例2： … but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took 【分析：考查固定短语「take photos拍照」，故选D。】 |
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牛刀小试 |
[1]Before Christmas dinner, as Mum took the apple pies out of the oven, Molly began 39 the table. 【2016北京中考】 39. A. pushing B. changing C. setting D. booking [2]It was something I ______ (38) because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf… 【2016西城二模】 38. A. looked up B. built up C. set up D. made up [3]When Chris finished primary school, the two lost 35 . What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30 years later. 【2016朝阳二模】 35. A. hope B. touch C. trust D. message 参考答案：CDB |
